Well I took a class by Darby Cavin at Grays Harbor Community College a few summers ago. In it, he laid out at least ten (if not more) fallacies. These are the rules to make you a master at seeing truth and presenting sound information. And in the tradition of Biggies Smalls and his Ten Crack Commandments, I give you the fallacies. You can click on each of them and be redirected to a site that goes into great detail.
- Ad Hominem (Argument To The Man)
- Affirming The Consequent
- Amazing Familiarity
- Ambiguous Assertion
- Appeal To Anonymous Authority
- Appeal To Authority
- Appeal To Coincidence
- Appeal To Complexity
- Appeal To False Authority
- Appeal To Force
- Appeal To Pity (Appeal to Sympathy, The Galileo Argument)
- Appeal To Widespread Belief (Bandwagon Argument, Peer Pressure, Appeal To Common Practice)
- Argument By Dismissal
- Argument By Emotive Language (Appeal To The People)
- Argument By Fast Talking
- Argument By Generalization
- Argument By Gibberish (Bafflement)
- Argument By Half Truth (Suppressed Evidence)
- Argument By Laziness (Argument By Uninformed Opinion)
- Argument By Personal Charm
- Argument By Pigheadedness (Doggedness)
- Argument By Poetic Language
- Argument By Prestigious Jargon
- Argument By Question
- Argument By Repetition (Argument Ad Nauseam)
- Argument by Rhetorical Question
- Argument By Scenario
- Argument By Selective Observation
- Argument By Selective Reading
- Argument By Slogan
- Argument By Vehemence
- Argument From Adverse Consequences (Appeal To Fear, Scare Tactics)
- Argument From Age (Wisdom of the Ancients)
- Argument From Authority
- Argument From False Authority
- Argument From Small Numbers
- Argument From Spurious Similarity
- Argument Of The Beard
- Argument To The Future
- Bad Analogy
- Begging The Question (Assuming The Answer, Tautology)
- Burden Of Proof
- Causal Reductionism (Complex Cause)
- Changing The Subject (Digression, Red Herring, Misdirection, False Emphasis)
- Cliche Thinking
- Common Sense
- Complex Question (Tying)
- Confusing Correlation And Causation
- Disproof By Fallacy
- Equivocation
- Error Of Fact
- Euphemism
- Exception That Proves The Rule
- Excluded Middle (False Dichotomy, Faulty Dilemma, Bifurcation)
- Extended Analogy
- Failure To State
- Fallacy Of Composition
- Fallacy Of Division
- Fallacy Of The General Rule
- Fallacy Of The Crucial Experiment
- False Cause
- False Compromise
- Genetic Fallacy (Fallacy of Origins, Fallacy of Virtue)
- Having Your Cake (Failure To Assert, or Diminished Claim)
- Hypothesis Contrary To Fact
- Inconsistency
- Inflation Of Conflict
- Internal Contradiction
- Least Plausible Hypothesis
- Lies
- Meaningless Questions
- Misunderstanding The Nature Of Statistics (Innumeracy)
- Moving The Goalposts (Raising The Bar, Argument By Demanding Impossible Perfection)
- Needling
- Non Sequitur
- Not Invented Here
- Outdated Information
- Pious Fraud
- Poisoning The Wells
- Psychogenetic Fallacy
- Reductio Ad Absurdum
- Reductive Fallacy (Oversimplification)
- Reifying
- Short Term Versus Long Term
- Slippery Slope Fallacy (Camel's Nose)
- Special Pleading (Stacking The Deck)
- Statement Of Conversion
- Stolen Concept
- Straw Man (Fallacy Of Extension)
- Two Wrongs Make A Right (Tu Quoque, You Too)
- Weasel Wording
"Master these and you'll have mad bread to break," is what Biggie says. But I say you'll see through a lot of the bullshit that's being fed to you on a daily basis. Your vote and your dollar are wanted by someone who is most likely using these fallacies to get them. Sadly it works and we give up so easily.